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Malangizo ndi Ubwino Wokhudza Humic Acid
2024-03-29 13:35:37
Humus ndi chinthu chamtundu wakuda, amorphous, polydispersed organic chokhala ndi molekyulu yolemera kwambiri yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku kuwonongeka kwa thupi, mankhwala, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi kusintha kwa zotsalira za nyama ndi zomera. Chifukwa chake, imakhala yochulukirapo m'nthaka, peat, lignite, madzi ndi sediment. Zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu humus ndi humic acid ndi fulvic acid, ndipo zimakhala ndi humin pang'ono. Popeza kuti humic acid imasungunuka mu alkali koma osati mu asidi, fulvic acid imasungunuka mu asidi ndi alkali, ndipo humus sasungunuka mu asidi ndi alkali, ndipo HM sisungunuka mu asidi ndi alkali. , kotero iwo akhoza kulekanitsidwa ndi kuyeretsedwa kumlingo wakutiwakuti kupyolera mu kusungunuka. Humic acid ndi macromolecular organic acid wopangidwa ndi magulu onunkhira komanso osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito. Ili ndi reactivity yapamwamba ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muulimi, mankhwala ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi zina.
Humic acid imakhala ndi zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake osiyanasiyana, imakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso zotsatira zake. Choyamba, mapangidwe a humic acid amatsimikizira kuti ali ndi hydrophilicity yabwino. Pali magulu ambiri a hydroxyl, carboxyl ndi magulu ena ogwira ntchito mu molekyulu ya humic acid. , kulola kuti hydrogen chomangira ndi mamolekyu a madzi kupanga yankho. Hydrophilicity iyi imathandiza kuti humic acid ipititse patsogolo kuphatikizika ndi kuphatikizika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kukulitsa kukhazikika kwa nthaka, ndikupangitsa kuti madzi azitha komanso kusunga madzi m'nthaka.
Chachiwiri, humic acid ili ndi luso lophatikiza bwino. Magulu ogwira ntchito monga magulu a carboxyl ndi phenolic hydroxyl mu ma molekyulu a humic acid amatha kupanga ma complex ndi ayoni achitsulo. Kusokonezeka kumeneku kungasinthe ntchito ndi kusungunuka kwa ayoni zitsulo m'nthaka ndikuchepetsa kubalalitsidwa kwazitsulo. Poizoni. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusakaniza kwa humic acid kungathenso kulimbikitsa kumasulidwa ndi kupereka zakudya zowonjezera, kukonza chonde m'nthaka, ndikulimbikitsa kukula ndi kukula kwa zomera. Kuphatikiza apo, humic acid imakhalanso ndi mphamvu zabwino zosinthira ion. Pamwamba pa mamolekyu a humic acid amanyamula kuchuluka kwa Zoyipa zoyipa zimatha kuyambitsa kusinthana kwa ion ndi ma cation. Kusinthana kwa ayoniku kungathe kuonjezera mphamvu ya kusinthana kwa ayoni munthaka ndikupititsa patsogolo chonde ndi kusunga michere m'nthaka. Humic acid imathanso kukopa ndikuwononga zakudya zamasamba ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa michere m'nthaka. Kuchita bwino ndi kupezeka. Pomaliza, humic acid imakhalanso ndi mphamvu yabwino yotsatsa. Chifukwa cha mphete zonunkhira bwino komanso magulu ambiri ogwira ntchito m'maselo ake, humic acid imatha kukopa zinthu za organic ndi inorganic. The adsorption wa humic acid akhoza kuchepetsa nthaka Neutrality kawopsedwe wa zinthu zoipa ndi kuchepetsa kusamuka ndi kufalikira kwa zoipitsa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, humic acid imathanso kuyamwa ndi kukhazikika zakudya ndi madzi m'nthaka, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa michere ndi kutuluka kwa madzi.
Mwachidule, mawonekedwe a humic acid amalumikizana kwambiri ndi ntchito zawo. Mapangidwe a ma humic acid amatsimikizira kuti ali ndi hydrophilicity yabwino, luso lophatikizika, kuthekera kosinthana kwa ion ndi kutsatsa. Ntchitozi zimapangitsa kuti ma humic acid akhale othandiza m'nthaka ndi m'madzi. Imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachilengedwe komanso chilengedwe ndipo ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti nthaka ikhale yathanzi komanso kuti chilengedwe chisamayende bwino.
