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Amabwiriza ninyungu kuri Acide Humic
2024-03-29 13:35:37
Humus ni umwijima-mwirabura, amorphous, polydispersed organic organic ifite uburemere buke bwa molekile yangiritse cyane. Ikozwe mu mubiri, imiti, na mikorobe yangirika no guhindura ibisigazwa byinyamaswa n'ibimera. Kubwibyo, ibaho cyane mubutaka, ifu, lignite, amazi nubutaka. Ibyingenzi byingenzi muri humus ni acide humic na acide fulvic, kandi birimo humin nkeya. Kubera ko aside ya humic iboneka muri alkali ariko ikaba itari muri acide, aside fulvic irashobora gushonga muri acide na alkali, na humus ntishobora gushonga muri acide na alkali, naho HM ntishobora gushonga muri aside na alkali. , bityo barashobora gutandukana no kwezwa kurwego runaka binyuze mubisubizo. Acide Humic ni acide ya macromolecular igizwe na aromatic kandi itandukanye ikora. Ifite reaction nyinshi kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubuhinzi, ubuvuzi no kurengera ibidukikije nizindi nzego.
Acide Humic ifite ibintu bigoye kandi bitandukanye. Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye, ifite imikorere ningaruka zitandukanye. Mbere ya byose, imiterere ya acide humic igena ko ifite hydrophilicity nziza. Hano hari umubare munini wa hydroxyl, carboxyl nandi matsinda akora muri molekile ya acide humic. , kubemerera guhuza hydrogène na molekile zamazi kugirango bibe igisubizo. Iyi hydrophilicity ituma acide humic iteza imbere kwegeranya no kwegeranya ibice byubutaka, kongera imiterere yubutaka, no kunoza amazi no gufata neza ubutaka.
Icya kabiri, aside humic ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kugorana. Amatsinda akora nka carboxyl na hydroxyl ya fenolike ya molekile ya acide humic irashobora gukora ibice hamwe na ion zicyuma. Uku kugorana kurashobora guhindura ibikorwa no gukemuka kwicyuma ion mubutaka kandi bikagabanya ikwirakwizwa ryibyuma. Uburozi. Muri icyo gihe, guhuza aside aside irashobora kandi guteza imbere kurekura no gutanga intungamubiri, kuzamura uburumbuke bwubutaka, no guteza imbere imikurire niterambere ryibimera. Byongeye, aside humic nayo ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhana ion. Ubuso bwa molekile ya acide ya humic itwara umubare munini wibintu bibi bishobora gutera ion guhana hamwe na cations. Ihanahana rya ion rishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhana ion kubutaka no kuzamura uburumbuke nubushobozi bwo kugumana intungamubiri zubutaka. Acide Humic irashobora kandi adsorb na desorb intungamubiri zibimera kandi ikagenga intungamubiri zintungamubiri mubutaka. Gukora neza no kuboneka. Hanyuma, acide humic nayo ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwa adsorption. Bitewe nimpeta nziza ya aromatiya hamwe numubare munini wamatsinda akora mumiterere ya molekile, aside humic irashobora adsorb ibintu kama nibidasanzwe. Kwiyongera kwa acide humic birashobora kugabanya ubutaka Kutabogama uburozi bwibintu byangiza no kugabanya kwimuka no gukwirakwiza umwanda. Muri icyo gihe, aside humic irashobora kandi kwinjiza no guhagarika intungamubiri n’amazi mu butaka, bikagabanya gutakaza intungamubiri no guhumeka amazi.
Muri make, imiterere yimiterere ya acide humic ifitanye isano cyane nimirimo yabo. Imiterere ya acide humic igena ko ifite hydrophilique nziza, ubushobozi bugoye, ubushobozi bwo guhana ion hamwe nubushobozi bwa adsorption. Iyi mikorere ituma acide humic igira akamaro mubutaka namazi. Ifite uruhare runini rwibidukikije n’ibidukikije kandi ifite akamaro kanini mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw’ubutaka n’uburinganire bw’ibidukikije.
