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Umyalelo kunye neNzuzo malunga ne-Humic Acid
2024-03-29 13:35:37
I-Humus yinto emdaka-mnyama, i-amorphous, i-polydispersed organic substance kunye nobunzima obuphezulu be-molecular obunzima. Yenziwa ngokubola komzimba, iikhemikhali, kunye neentsholongwane kunye nokuguqulwa kweentsalela zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Ke ngoko, kukho ubuninzi emhlabeni, i-peat, i-lignite, amanzi kunye nentlenga. Izithako eziphambili ezisebenzayo kwi-humus yi-humic acid kunye ne-fulvic acid, kwaye iqulethe i-humin encinci. Ekubeni i-asidi ye-humic inyibilika kwi-alkali kodwa ingekho kwi-asidi, i-asidi ye-fulvic iyanyibilika kwi-asidi kunye ne-alkali, kwaye i-humus ayinakunyibilika kwi-asidi kunye ne-alkali, kwaye i-HM ayinyibiliki kwi-asidi kunye ne-alkali. , ngoko zinokwahlulwa kwaye zihlanjululwe kumlinganiselo othile ngokunyibilika. I-Humic acid yi-macromolecular organic acid eyenziwe ngamaqela aqholiweyo kunye namaqela asebenzayo asebenzayo. Ine-reactivity ephezulu kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezolimo, amayeza kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nezinye iinkalo.
I-asidi ye-Humic inezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezahlukeneyo, inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nemiphumo. Okokuqala, isakhiwo se-humic acid sinquma ukuba sine-hydrophilicity enhle. Kukho inani elikhulu le-hydroxyl, i-carboxyl kunye namanye amaqela asebenzayo kwi-molecule ye-humic acid. , evumela ukuba i-hydrogen bond kunye neemolekyuli zamanzi zenze isisombululo. Le hydrophilicity yenza i-humic acid ikhuthaze ukudityaniswa kunye nokudityaniswa kwamasuntswana omhlaba, yandise ukuzinza kolwakhiwo lomhlaba, kunye nokuphucula ukungeneka kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi omhlaba.
Okwesibini, i-asidi ye-humic inekhono elihle lokudibanisa. Amaqela asebenzayo afana ne-carboxyl kunye namaqela e-phenolic hydroxyl kwii-molecule ze-humic acid angenza ii-complexes ngee-ion zetsimbi. Olu bunzima lunokutshintsha umsebenzi kunye nokunyibilika kweeyoni zetsimbi emhlabeni kunye nokunciphisa ukusasazeka kwesinyithi. Ubutyhefu. Ngelo xesha, ukuxutywa kwe-humic acid kunokukhuthaza ukukhululwa kunye nokunikezelwa kwezondlo, ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula nokuphuhliswa kwezityalo. Ukongeza, i-asidi ye-humic nayo inamandla okutshintsha i-ion. Umphezulu wee-molecule ze-humic acid uthwala inani elikhulu leentlawulo ezimbi zingabangela ukusabela kokutshintshiselana kwe-ion kunye neecations. Olu tshintshiselwano lwe-ion lunokwandisa umthamo wotshintshiselwano lwe-ion emhlabeni kwaye luphucule ukuchuma kunye nokugcina izondlo zomhlaba. Iasidi eHumic iyakwazi ukubhengeza kwaye ichithe izondlo zezityalo kwaye ilawule ukuxinana kwezondlo emhlabeni. Ukusebenza kunye nokufumaneka. Okokugqibela, i-asidi ye-humic nayo inomthamo olungileyo we-adsorption. Ngenxa yobutyebi bezangqa ezinuka kamnandi kunye nenani elikhulu lamaqela asebenzayo kwisakhiwo sayo semolekyuli, i-acid ye-humic inokubhengeza izinto eziphilayo kunye ne-inorganic. I-adsorption ye-humic acid inokunciphisa umhlaba Ungathathi hlangothi ubutyhefu bezinto ezinobungozi kwaye unciphise ukufuduka kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, iasidi ye-humic inokufunxa kwaye izinzise izondlo namanzi emhlabeni, inciphisa ilahleko yezondlo kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi abe ngumphunga.
Isishwankathelo, iipropati zesakhiwo se-humic acids zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nemisebenzi yazo. Ubume be-humic acids bumisela ukuba bane-hydrophilicity elungileyo, isakhono esiyinkimbinkimbi, isakhono sokutshintshiselana kwe-ion kunye nomthamo we-adsorption. Le misebenzi yenza i-humic acids ibe luncedo emhlabeni kunye nemizimba yamanzi. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ikholoji kunye nokusingqongileyo kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo yomhlaba kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwendalo.
