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Imiyalo kanye nezinzuzo nge-Humic Acid
2024-03-29 13:35:37
I-Humus insundu ngokumnyama, i-amorphous, i-polydispersed organic substance enesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu okonakaliswe kanzima. Yakhiwa ngokubola komzimba, amakhemikhali, kanye ne-microbial kanye nokuguqulwa kwezinsalela zezilwane nezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ikhona ngobuningi enhlabathini, i-peat, i-lignite, amanzi kanye ne-sediment. Izithako eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo ku-humus yi-humic acid ne-fulvic acid, futhi iqukethe inani elincane le-humin. Njengoba i-humic acid inyibilika ku-alkali kodwa hhayi ku-asidi, i-fulvic acid iyancibilika ku-asidi ne-alkali, kanti i-humus ayincibiliki ku-asidi ne-alkali, kanti i-HM ayincibiliki ku-asidi ne-alkali. , ngakho-ke zingahlukaniswa futhi zihlanzwe ngokwezinga elithile ngokuncibilika. I-Humic acid iyi-macromolecular organic acid eyakhiwe ngamaqembu anephunga elimnandi futhi ahlukahlukene asebenzayo. Ine-reactivity ephezulu futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo, imithi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye neminye imikhakha.
I-Humic acid inezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezihlukahlukene. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukene, inemisebenzi ehlukahlukene kanye nemiphumela. Okokuqala, ukwakheka kwe-humic acid kunquma ukuthi kune-hydrophilicity enhle. Kunenombolo enkulu ye-hydroxyl, i-carboxyl namanye amaqembu asebenzayo ku-molecule ye-humic acid. , okuwuvumela ukuthi uhlangane ne-hydrogen nama-molecule amanzi ukuze kwakhe isixazululo. Le hydrophilicity yenza i-humic acid ikhuthaze ukuhlangana kanye nokuhlanganisa izinhlayiya zenhlabathi, ikhulise ukuqina kwesakhiwo senhlabathi, futhi ithuthukise ukungena kwamanzi kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi enhlabathini.
Okwesibili, i-humic acid inekhono elihle lokuhlanganisa. Amaqembu asebenzayo afana namaqembu e-carboxyl kanye ne-phenolic hydroxyl kuma-molecule e-humic acid angakha ama-complexes ane-ion yensimbi. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kungashintsha umsebenzi kanye nokuncibilika kwama-ion ensimbi emhlabathini futhi kunciphise ukuhlakazeka kwezinsimbi. Ubuthi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-humic acid kungabuye kukhuthaze ukukhululwa nokunikezwa kwezakhi, kuthuthukise ukuvunda kwenhlabathi, futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-humic acid nayo inamakhono amahle okushintshanisa i-ion. Ingaphezulu lama-molecule e-humic acid athwala inani elikhulu lamashaji angemuhle angabangela ukusabela kokushintshisana kwe-ion nama-cations. Lokhu kushintshisana kwe-ion kungakhuphula amandla okushintshana kwe-ion enhlabathini futhi kuthuthukise ukuvunda kanye namandla okugcina izakhi zomhlabathi. I-Humic acid nayo ingakhanga futhi iqede umsoco wezitshalo futhi ilawule ukugcwala kwezakhamzimba emhlabathini. Ukusebenza nokutholakala. Okokugcina, i-humic acid nayo inamandla okukhangisa. Ngenxa yokucebile kwamasongo anephunga elimnandi kanye nenani elikhulu lamaqembu asebenzayo esakhiweni sawo samangqamuzana, i-humic acid ingakhangisa izinto eziphilayo nezingaphili. I-adsorption ye-humic acid inganciphisa inhlabathi Ukunciphisa ubuthi bezinto eziyingozi futhi kunciphise ukufuduka nokusakazwa kwezinto ezingcolile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-humic acid ingaphinda imunce futhi izinze umsoco namanzi emhlabathini, inciphise ukulahlekelwa izakhi kanye nokuhwamuka kwamanzi.
Kafushane, izakhiwo zesakhiwo se-humic acid zihlobene eduze nemisebenzi yazo. Isakhiwo sama-humic acid sinquma ukuthi ane-hydrophilicity enhle, ikhono eliyinkimbinkimbi, ikhono lokushintshanisa i-ion namandla okukhangisa. Le misebenzi yenza ama-humic acids abe usizo enhlabathini nasemizimbeni yamanzi. Idlala indima ebalulekile yezemvelo kanye nemvelo futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo yenhlabathi kanye nokulingana kwemvelo.
