ʻO ka humus he mea ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, amorphous, polydispersed mea olaola me ke kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia mai ke kino, kemika, a me ka microbial decomposition a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā koena holoholona a me nā mea kanu. No laila, aia ma ka nui o ka lepo, ka peat, ka lignite, ka wai a me ka sediment. ʻO nā mea hana nui i loko o ka humus he humic acid a me ka fulvic acid, a loaʻa kahi wahi humin liʻiliʻi. No ka mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka waiuma humic i ka alkali akā ʻaʻole i ka waika, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka fulvic acid i ka waikawa a me ka alkali, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka humus i ka waikawa a me ka alkali, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka HM i ka waika a me ka alkali. , no laila hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i kekahi ʻano ma o ka solubility. ʻO ka ʻakika Humic kahi ʻakika organik macromolecular i haku ʻia me nā pūʻulu hana reactive a ʻala. He kiʻekiʻe ka reactivity a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mahiʻai, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka palekana Environmental a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.